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〜さえ

「さえ」names hiragana as the minimal case — if even that can't be read, kanji is out of the question.

Tested at JLPT N2 — 1 practice question below.

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How it's used

〜さえ marks an extreme or minimal example to imply "if even this… then much less…," pairing naturally with はずがない. The logic: hiragana is the easiest script, so failing it rules out kanji. ほど marks degree for comparisons, まで suggests reaching a limit rather than a baseline, and こそ adds exclusive emphasis without the a fortiori reasoning.

Example questions

ひらがな__読めないのに、漢字が読めるはずがない。

Answer: さえ · Try this question →

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