Foundations: hiragana, katakana, ~100 kanji, and everyday words for daily life. Every pattern below links to example sentences and the questions that test it.
27 patterns · with meanings & examples
Practice N5 grammar →| Pattern | Meaning | Qs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 〜から | から marks the start — “the class is FROM nine o'clock.” | 10 | Examples → |
| 〜たい | 〜たい on 見 yields "I want to watch a movie tonight" — the only ending that can precede です. | 10 | Examples → |
| 〜て、〜ます | 私は7時に起きて朝ご飯を食べます — "I wake at seven and eat breakfast." The te-form links the two actions. | 1 | Examples → |
| 〜ている | 今 ('now') marks an action in progress, so the sentence needs 〜でいます — 読んでいます 'am reading.' | 10 | Examples → |
| 〜てから | よる、テレビを見てからねます — "at night I watch TV and then sleep." 〜てから = "after doing ~." | 1 | Examples → |
| 〜てください | The sentence tells the listener to open the door, so it needs the request ending 〜てください. | 10 | Examples → |
| 〜てはいけない | The sentence states a rule banning smoking here, and only 〜てはいけません expresses prohibition. | 10 | Examples → |
| 〜てもいい | The speaker is asking 'May I go home early today?' — a permission question expressed by… | 10 | Examples → |
| 〜と | と marks the person you do something with — "with my friend." | 1 | Examples → |
| 〜に〜があります | えきのまえに銀行があります — "there is a bank in front of the station." Place に + thing が + あります. | 1 | Examples → |
| 〜に行く | Verb stem + に + 行く = "go to do ~" — went to buy an umbrella. | 11 | Examples → |
| 〜の〜 | の links 学校 to バス — “that is the school('s) bus.” | 10 | Examples → |
| 〜のあとで | あしたしごとのあとでデパートへ行きます — "tomorrow after work I'm going to the department store." ★ = しごとの. | 1 | Examples → |
| 〜ましょう／〜ませんか | 日曜日にいっしょに映画を見ませんか — いっしょに leads the invitation, then the object 映画を, then 見ませんか. | 10 | Examples → |
| 〜まで | まで marks the endpoint — “studied until five o'clock.” | 10 | Examples → |
| 〜も | も adds Sunday to the work days — “I work Saturday; I work Sunday too.” | 10 | Examples → |
| 〜を | を marks the direct object — the thing being eaten. | 11 | Examples → |
| 〜前に・過去形 | Before coming to Japan, I studied for a year — past tense is required. | 1 | Examples → |
| あまり〜ない | あまり pairs with a negative — "not very sweet." | 1 | Examples → |
| い形容詞＋くない | あまり leads the softened negation: その映画はあまり長くないです — 'That movie isn't very long.' | 10 | Examples → |
| な形容詞＋でした | 簡単 is a na-adjective describing a finished task, so it takes でした — 'that job was easy'. | 10 | Examples → |
| 時間＋に | 始まります happens at a specific time, so 九時 takes に to mark that point in time. | 10 | Examples → |
| 場所＋で | 家 is where the listening happens, so で marks the location of the action. | 10 | Examples → |
| 人＋と | 妹 is the partner played tennis together with, so と marks 'with'. | 10 | Examples → |
| 人と〜を見る | きのうともだちとえいがを見ました — "yesterday I watched a movie with a friend." Companion phrase ともだちと … | 1 | Examples → |
| 動詞＋ました | Stating that the question was asked needs the polite past: 質問し → 質問しました. | 10 | Examples → |
| 動詞＋ません | Saying you do not watch TV at night needs the polite negative: 見 → 見ません. | 10 | Examples → |